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Insight Into Ancient Egyptian Beer Brewing Using Current Folkloristic Methods

MBAA TQ vol. 39, no. 2, 2002, pp. 81-88  |  VIEW ARTICLE

Hideto Ishida. Technology Development Dept., Kirin Brewery Co. Ltd., Shinkawa, Tokyo, Japan.

Abstract
In order to understand the brewing process in ancient Egypt, a new folkloristic approach was extensively investigated using the current traditional, home-produced alcoholic foods and beverages found in Asia, Africa, and Latin America. In contrast to modern beer brewing utilizing malt amylases, traditional alcoholic foods in these regions commonly use a microbial starter or 'koji' containing amylases from microbial sources to degrade cereal-based starch. Studies revealed that the beer bread of ancient Egypt was a good starter that 'protected' beer from the damaging effects of contaminating microflora and that could also adjust the microflora of the starting mash. It was concluded that the folkloristic fermentation methods still in use today are more closely associated with the ancient Egyptian brewing process than with modern brewing technologies.
Keywords: ancient Egyptian beer, fermented foods, koji, lactic acid, Niankhkhnum, starter, synchronous saccharification/fermentation  

Sintesis
Para comprender el proceso cervecero en el Egipto antiguo, se investig� extensivamente un enfoque folcl�rico basado sobre alimentos y bebidas alcoh�licas tradicionales en Asia, �frica, y Latinoam�rica. A diferencia del proceso cervecero moderno, que utiliza amilasas provenientes de la cebada malteada, los alimentos alcoh�licos tradicionales en estas regiones generalmente utilizan un iniciador microbiano o 'koji' conteniendo amilasas de fuentes microbianas con el prop�sito de degradar los almidones de los granos. Estudios han demostrado que el pan cervecero del antiguo Egipto era un buen iniciador que proteg�a la cerveza de los efectos da�inos de la contaminaci�n de microflora y que pod�a tambi�n ajustar la microflora de la maceraci�n inicial. Se concluy� que los m�todos de fermentaci�n folcl�ricos que siguen siendo usados hoy en d�a tienen m�s similitud con el proceso usado en el antiguo Egipto que con la tecnolog�a cervecera moderna.
Palabras claves: cerveza del Egipto antiguo, alimentos fermentados, koji, �cido l�ctico, Niankhkhnum, iniciador, sacarificaci�n/fermentaci�n s�ncrono

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